Published : 29 September 2025

Assessing Ideal Lip Anatomy Through Photogrammetry: Implications For Facial Reconstruction In Indonesia

  • Gede Wara Samsarga
  • Shita Diwyani Sudarsa
  • Astrinita Lestari Suyata
  • Bertha Kawilarang
  • Violetti Valentin
  • Luh Putu Mettary Yasoda Gera

Volume 12, Issue 2, Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi | Pages : 76-83

DOI: 10.14228/jprjournal.v12i2.31   Reader : 10 times PDF Download : 10 times

Abstract

Background : Anthropometry is a non-invasive, inexpensive, and objective method for evaluating orofacial morphology. This method has clinical applications in myofunctional assessment and therapy. Photogrammetry is a reliable and accurate method for measuring certain facial dimensions. In Indonesia, to date there has been no research that has conducted a photogrammetric evaluation of lip anthropormetry.


Method : This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University which began in May to October 2024 with research subjects, namely 90 first-year undergraduate medical students, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Data in the form of anthropometry, race, history of congenital abnormalities, facial trauma, siliconoma, age, gender and smoking were recorded and then analyzed.


Result : The results of the analysis of lip anthropometry based on gender showed a significant difference in lower lip height, where in women the average was 3.25 (0.36) and in men 3.01 (0.30), with a p value of 0.001. Likewise, the lower lip height was found to be significantly different with a p value = 0.003. Upper vermilion height in women was 1.51 (0.35) while in men it was 1.36 (0.25), these results were statistically significant (p value = 0.041). However, the comparison of lower vermillion did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Cutaneous lower lip and philtrum width were also significantly different with p values of 0.004 and 0.015, respectively.


Conclusion: The results of this study are expected to provide an overview of the analysis of anthropometric measurements of the lips using the photogrammetry method as basic data for measuring ideal lip anatomy in the field of facial reconstruction in Indonesia.


Keywords: Anthropometric Measurement Of The Lip; Photogrammetry; Facial Reconstruction

Data Availability

All data generated during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

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Keywords

  • Anthropometric Measurement of The Lip
  • Photogrammetry
  • Facial Reconstruction

Author Information

Gede Wara Samsarga

Division of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine/ Udayana University Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.

Email: warasamsarga@unud.ac.id

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-4842

Shita Diwyani Sudarsa

Division of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine/ Udayana University Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.

Email: shitadiwyanisudarsa@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0756-7560

Astrinita Lestari Suyata

Division of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine/ Udayana University Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.

Email: astrisuyata@yahoo.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-073X

Bertha Kawilarang

Resident of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.

Email: berthakawilarang12@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4354-9533

Violetti Valentin

Resident of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.

Email: violettivalentin@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7075-1585

Luh Putu Mettary Yasoda Gera

Resident of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.

Email: gera@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8161-8029

Article History

Submitted : 27 March 2025
Revised : 27 March 2025
Published : 29 September 2025

How to Cite This

Samsarga, G. W., Sudarsa, S. D., Suyata, A. L., Bertha Kawilarang, Valentin, V., & Gera, L. P. M. Y. (2025). Assessing Ideal Lip Anatomy Through Photogrammetry: Implications For Facial Reconstruction In Indonesia. Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi, 12(2), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.14228/jprjournal.v12i2.31

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